Urban Road Transport Emissions and Potential for Reducing Emissions by Electric Vehicles

Road transport is one of the fastest-growing sectors contributing significantly to air pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, especially in urban areas where exceedances of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matters (PM) values are frequent. These pollutants have clear health implications and indicate the need to plan and implement effective measures (such as introducing electric vehicles) to reduce road vehicles’ emissions. Emissions estimation from road transport could be applied using an emissions model. However, the emissions model reflecting Singapore’s local conditions is not yet available, and there are only limited emissions quantification efforts over the last few decades in Singapore.