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Now that over half of the world’s population lives in cities, the urban way of life has brought many socioeconomic advantages, but also a number of challenges, particularly related to the environment. One of the most common sources of health and environmental issues in urban areas globally is road transport, which remains the main contributor to atmospheric air pollution in the urban environment. In turn, through greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions road vehicles also contribute to the global climate crisis, which significantly increases the risks of extreme weather events and natural disasters such as floods, typhoons and earthquakes. In a country like Indonesia, consisting of large islands and archipelagos already prone to devastating natural disasters, a world rapidly warming up will bring higher sea levels, higher temperatures and tropical storm surges.